Abstract: Obtaining the permeability and spatial distribution of sediments accurately can provide a scientific basis for calculating the water conversion between river and groundwater and scientific measures are taken to improve and maintain the ecological environment of the basin The vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the sediments in the lower reaches of the Hotan River are obtained by the in-situ standpipe test,and the comprehensive hydraulic conductivity of the sediments are predicted by the artificial neural network model based on the soil transfer function. The spatial variation law of sediments hydraulic conductivity in the studied river reach is systematically studied. The results show that:（1）The average vertical hydraulic conductivity is between 0.81 and 2.77 m/d,the horizontal hydraulic conductivity is between4.32 and 10.37 m/d,and the average comprehensive hydraulic conductivity is between 0.54 and 1.30 m/d. The average value of the anisotropy ratio by horizontal and vertical of the riverbed sediments at each measuring point is between 3 and 9,and the maximum value is 9.09,which reflects the significant anisotropy in the profile of the riverbed sediment.（2）Along the longitudinal section of the riverbed from upstream to downstream,the average value of K_v and K_h show an increasing trend on the whole,the average value of K_s shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the anisotropy ratio of riverbed sediments shows a decreasing trend as a whole. The difference between K_h and K_s is much more than that between K_v and K_s. On the whole,the values of K_v and K_s are equivalent,but compared with the state without mud film,the value of K_s is closer to K_v in the sediment state covered by mud film.（3）The hydrodynamic conditions of the river affect the permeability of the riverbed sediments by shaping the erosion and deposition state of the riverbed and the characteristics of the arrangement and combination of sediment particles. The influence of the particle arrangement and combination structure characteristics of the riverbed sediments on the hydraulic conductivity is more significant in the river reach. These dimentary mud layer on the surface of the riverbed significantly reduces the vertical permeability of the riverbed sediments,which is the main cause for the anisotropy. The conclusion of the research provides data support for the calculation of river leakage in this reach,and provide technical guidance for taking scientific and reasonable engineering measures to improve and maintain the ecological environment of Hotan River Basin.