Abstract: To explore the response characteristics of soil water infiltration and water-salt migration to the cotton straw-sand interlayer, this paper uses the indoor soil column experiment to study the effects of the cotton straw interlayer mixed with different ratios of sand on soil infiltration and water-salt migration. The mass ratios are 0, 50%, 75%, 85%, 90%, 95%, and 100%, expressed in terms of T0, T50, T75, T85, T90, T95, and T100, respectively. The results are as follows.（1） Cotton straw-sand interlayer blocks the infiltration of water and prolonged the infiltration time, with T0 and T95 is listed as the top two.T50, T75, T85, T90 and T100 infiltration time is short, and the difference is not obvious.（2） The cotton straw-sand interlayer has no effect on the cumulative infiltration amount and the advancing law of the wetting front above the interlayer, but has a significant impact on the lower layer. The infiltration time of T0 is the longest, followed by T95.（3）With respect of correlation between the cumulative infiltration amount and time, the Kostiakov model is fitted well to CK. In terms of the cotton straw-sand interlayer treatments, the Kostiakov model is fitted well within the range of 30 cm above; the linear model is well described below 30 cm.（4） After infiltration, the upper layer is desalinated, and the salt in the bottom is accumulated. The water content in the upper layer of T0 and T95 is the highest. Two days after infiltration, the salinity in the middle part of the soil layer moves down to a certain extent, with the largest decline in T0 and T95. In order to prevent soil salinization and improve water use efficiency, it is recommended to promote the application of cotton straw interlayer and the cotton straw interlayer with 95 aeolian sand in arid regions of Xinjiang, which is based on the infiltration characteristics indicators such as wetting front and cumulative infiltration amount, as well as the law of water and salt migration and redistribution.