Abstract: In order to explore the law of farmland water and fertilizer loss caused by different planting modes,five typical planting modes in Poyang Lake Plain were selected by using the field runoff pool method to study the agricultural runoff,sediment loss and fertility loss under the condition of natural rainfall. The results showed that the runoff was dry farming mode ＞ water dry rotation mode ＞ water farming mode.The runoff of dry farming mode（mode 1 and mode 3）was significantly higher than that of the other three modes,and the runoff of water dry rotation mode（mode 2）was significantly higher than that of water farming mode（mode 4 and mode 5）;The loss of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen in runoff showed the change law of dry farming mode ＞ water dry rotation mode ＞ water farming mode,and there were significant differences;The amount of ammonium nitrogen loss showed water farming mode ＞ dry farming mode ＞ water dry rotation mode;The sediment loss of different planting modes was mode 1 ＞ mode 2 ＞ mode 3 ＞ mode 4 ＞ mode 5;In the loss of sediment carrying fertility,the loss of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium showed the same law as that of sediment,which showed that dry farming mode ＞ water farming mode;The runoff of dry farming mode was mainly the loss of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen,and the water farming mode was mainly the loss of ammonium nitrogen. The above research conclusions can provide reference for optimizing farmland planting structure,reducing farmland non-point source pollutant emission,and improving farmland fertility and sustainable utilization ability.