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无管勘资料山地城市暴雨内涝模拟方法研究

Urban Flood Simulation Research on Mountainous Cities without Drainage Pipe Network Data

  • 摘要: 为实现无管勘资料条件下山地城市内涝风险高效计算,以重庆市南岸区某排水分区为研究区域,利用百度地图开放平台提供的全景静态API功能,对街道检查井进行识别和定位,采用雨水井等效排水法构建基于LISFLOOD-FP的雨洪模型,采用理想算例和历史降雨进行模型验证,并对研究区不同降雨情景下的内涝积水面积、积水量、积水分布等积水特征进行了模拟分析。结果表明:在无管勘资料区域,利用百度地图开放平台全景静态API功能可对区域内的道路检查井进行有效确定;积水量与积水面积的增长呈现出协同性,重现期越大,则同时刻的积水面积和积水量越大;积水量增长速率最快的时刻与积水面积达到峰值的时刻基本一致,均滞后于雨峰出现时间;在积水面积下降阶段,积水量仍在增加,表明陡坡路段可能面临较大洪水流速,对弱势群体有潜在致灾风险。对于地形起伏多变的山地城市,桥面径流可能会加重局部内涝程度,应予以关注。基于LISFLOOD-FP模型,采用雨水井等效排水法和直接降雨法进行全水动力地表径流模拟,即使在普通个人电脑上运行仍具有较高的计算效率,可实现对较大区域范围雨洪的高效计算和对易涝点进行识别。提出的模拟计算方法可为山地城市无管勘资料区域进行内涝风险高效评估提供技术参考,亦对LISFLOOD-FP模型在国内的使用提供借鉴。

     

    Abstract: To realize efficient calculation of waterlogging risk in mountainous cities without pipe survey data, this paper takes a drainage subarea in Nan’an District of Chongqing City as the study area, and the panoramic static API function provided by Baidu Maps open platform is used to identify and locate the rainwater wells. The equivalent drainage method of rainwater wells is used to establish a storm flood model based on LISFLOOD-FP, and the ideal calculation case and historical rainfalls are used to verify the model, and the waterlogging characteristics such as the flood area, flood volume, and the distribution of waterlogging under different rainfall scenarios are simulated and analyzed in the study area. The results show that in the area without pipe survey data, the rainwater wells in the area can be effectively determined by using the panoramic static API function of Baidu Maps open platform. The growth of flood volume and flood area shows a synergistic effect, and the larger the return period, the greater the flood area and flood volume at the same time. The time when the growth rate of flood volume is the fastest is basically consistent with the time when the flood area reaches its peak, both of which lag behind the rain peak time. During the period of decreasing flood area, the flood volume is still increasing, indicating that steep slope sections may face high flood flow rates and have potential disaster risks for vulnerable groups. For mountainous cities with fluctuating terrain, bridge deck runoff may exacerbate local waterlogging levels and should be given attention. Based on the LISFLOOD-FP model, the full hydrodynamic surface runoff simulation is carried out by using the equivalent drainage method of rainwater wells and the direct rainfall method. Even when running on an ordinary personal computer, it still has high computational efficiency and can achieve efficient calculation of rainwater and flood in a large area and identification of waterlogging prone points. The proposed simulation calculation method can provide technical reference for efficient assessment of waterlogging risk in mountainous urban areas without pipe survey data, and also provide a reference for the use of the LISFLOOD-FP model in China.

     

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