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盘江独木河重金属时空分布特征及污染评价

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Dumu River of the Panjiang River

  • 摘要: 为了解盘江音寨旅游景区内独木河水环境中重金属分布特征和污染水平,对独木河水体中5种重金属(Cd、Pb、Cr、Mn、Fe)的浓度及其时空分布进行研究,并采用内梅罗综合指数法评价水体重金属污染水平。结果表明:(1)2019年盘江音寨旅游景区内独木河水体温度为7.6~20.6℃,水体pH值为6.67~7.63;Pb、Mn、Fe具有基本一致的时空分布特征,Cr、Cd浓度无明显的时空分布特征;pH值仅与独木河、音寨水体Fe浓度呈极显著正相关,温度与各采样点水体Fe浓度均呈显著或极显著正相关;(2)对盘江独木河水体的3个采样点进行重金属来源分析,马坝水体中Pd、Cr、Mn等3种重金属间具有显著相关性(p<0.05),独木河、音寨水体中仅Pd和Mn间存在极显著正相关关系(p<0.05);主成分分析结果表明,盘江独木河3个采样点水体重金属的累计方差分别为84.119%、88.926%和90.422%,其中Mn和Pb均属于第一主成分;(3)对盘江独木河水体进行重金属污染评价与生态风险评价,5种重金属元素的单因子污染指数与多因子综合污染指数的平均值从大到小均为Pb>Mn>Cd>Fe>Cr;Pb、Mn、Cd的重金属污染等级为重度污染,Cr属于无污染。

     

    Abstract: To understand the distribution characteristics and pollution level of heavy metals in the water environment of Dumu River in Yinzhai scenic spot of Panjiang River,the concentration and temporal and spatial distribution of five heavy metals(Cd,Pb,Cr,Mn,Fe)in the waters of Dumu River are studied,and the Nemero index is used to evaluate the pollution level of heavy metals in water. The results show that:(1) The water temperature and pH of the Dumu River are from 7.6 to 20.6 and from 6.67 to 7.63 in 2019. Pb,Mn,and Fe has the same spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,while Cr and Cd concentrations have no obvious spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. pH has only extremely significant positive correlation with Fe concentration in water at Dumu and Yinzhai,and the temperature has significant or extremely significant positive correlation with Fe concentration in each sampling point.(2) The sources of heavy metals in 3 sampling points of the Dumu River of Panjiang River are analyzed. The results show that there is a significant correlation among Pd,Cr,and Mn in water at Maba(p < 0.05),and only Pd and Mn in water at Dumu and Yinzhai have an extremely significant positive correlation(p< 0.05).The results of the principal component analysis show that the cumulative variances of heavy metals in the 3 sampling points is 84.119%,88.926%,and 90.422% respectively,in which Mn and Pb are the first principal components.(3) Heavy metal pollution assessment and ecological risk assessment are carried out in the waters of the Dumu River in Panjiang River. The average values of the single factor pollution index and multi-factor comprehensive pollution index of five heavy metals are Pb > Mn > Cd > Fe > Cr. The heavy metal pollution grade of Pb,Mn,and Cd are severe pollution,and Cr belong to no pollution.

     

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