Abstract: With the acceleration of the urbanization process, residential water has become a new growth point of water demand. At present, most studies based on factor decomposition model are devoted to the influencing factors of total water use, and there is no report on the decomposition of residential water use factors at the rigid, elastic and luxury levels. Based on the research on the hierarchical water demand of urban residents in Hebei Province and the theory of rigid, elastic and luxury water levels, this paper constructs the hierarchical water demand evaluation model of residents, and carries out parameter calibration through questionnaires to calculate the hierarchical water consumption of each water use behavior. In order to quantitatively identify the influencing factors of water use change at different levels in Hebei Province, Kayal identity and LMDI decomposition method are used to calculate the influence degree of population size, economic development level and water-saving technology level on the rigid, elastic and luxury levels of urban residents in 11 cities in Hebei Province, and then analyzed. The results show that:（1） the population size effect and the level of economic development effect are positive promoting effect, while the level of water-saving technology is negative inhibiting effect; In the whole province, the effect of water-saving technology level in rigid water plays a leading role, and the effect of economic development level in flexible water and luxury water plays a leading role.（2） The rigid water consumption in most cities shows an increasing trend, in which the economic development level plays a major role in promoting, and the development of water-saving technology has a certain inhibitory effect；（3） Except Xingtai City, the elastic water consumption of all cities shows an increasing trend. Population size and economic development has a positive effect on the growth of elastic water consumption, and the effect of water-saving technology level has an inhibitory effect on the growth of elastic water consumption.（4） The growth of luxury water consumption in most cities is mainly driven by population growth and economic development, while the development of water-saving technologies inhibits the growth. The research results can provide a reference for water resources planning and management in Hebei Province, and provide basic support for improving residents′ water-saving level and ensuring water supply security.