Abstract: At long-distance and high-lift pumping stations, serious phenomena of the water hammer such as water column separation and transient pressure along pipelines of water conveyance systems when pumps stop due to failures. In view of this, based on the theory of fluid transients and the method of characteristics, with a mathematical model of water column separation, this paper deduces boundary conditions for axial flow check valves and builds a mathematical model of the water conveyance system. For the application of axial flow check valves in engineering projects, measures and effects of protection are modeled numerically. Moreover, the working conditions at different installation positions of the axial flow check valve are numerically simulated. After that, the comparison of changes in the transient pressure of the pipeline shows that the axial flow check valve shall be set in the middle and rear sections of the pipeline at the long-distance high-lift pumping station. What’s more, it is also concluded that the position of closing the high-pressure water hammer can be produced after pump stopping.Hence, applying the axial flow check valve as the water hammer protection of the pumping station has a new idea for the long-distance highlift water conveyance system.