Abstract: By exploring the effect of altitude change on soil organic matter and nutrients after the conversion of paddy field to dry land in Hani terrace, the objective of grading evaluation of soil fertility in this region is achieved, so as to provide a scientific basis for the nutrient management, and balanced fertilization in Hani terrace. Based on five maize plots converted from paddy fields, the paddy field and ridge soil with the same soil type near each dry land, the study explores the soil organic matter and nutrients by using correlation analysis and TOPSIS integrated fertility index method to quantify the soil fertility in different altitudes areas. Results show:（1） the soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the study area are at a medium level, the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is at a very rich level, and the available potassium is deficient；（2） there are significant differences between paddy field and dry land, ridge, and no significant differences between dry land and ridge. After the paddy field is changed into dry land, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen decrease, while the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increase significantly, with an average increase of 38.55 and 66.61mg/kg. There is a significant correlation between altitude and soil nutrient content；（3） with the increase in altitude, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali hydrolysable nitrogen are generally increased, with an increase range of 26.85～34.81%. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium first increase and then decrease, the highest value is at altitude of 1 729 and 1 783 m, respectively, and the lowest value is at 1 829 m altitude. Collectively, the soil fertility of Hani terraces increases with altitude, and soil fertility of paddy fields is higher than that of dry land and ridges. This study can provide a reference for the sustainable development and protection of terraced fields in Southwest China.