Abstract: Nitrate leaching is the most important form of nitrogen loss in arid land. Because nitrate leaching does great harm to groundwater pollution and causes difficulties in the treatment of groundwater pollution,it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control measures of nitrate nitrogen leaching. This paper introduces the current situation of farmland nitrogen pollution and the mechanism process and characteristics of nitrate nitrogen leaching. Five aspects summarize the main prevention and control measures of nitrate nitrogen leaching,including optimization of irrigation and fertilization system,optimization of nitrogen fertilizer types,improvement of soil characteristics,combined application of nitrification inhibitors,and farming and agronomic measures. This paper prospects the best applicable conditions of measures,multi-measure combination schemes,and large-scale popularization and application,and proposes that a comprehensive and systematic study of dry land nitrate nitrogen leaching prevention and control measures should be carried out to further determine the best prevention and control plans. At the same time,it is necessary to further determine the best use conditions of each prevention and control plan,and provide the possibility of combination and cooperation of each prevention and control measure so as to provide a theoretical basis for the better promotion and application of dry land nitrate nitrogen leaching prevention and control technology.