Abstract: With the continuous improvement of urban sewage collection and treatment capacity,agricultural non-point pollution has gradually become the main pollution source of natural rivers in the Yellow River Basin,especially in the Yellow River Irrigation Area,whose treatment has become the key point and difficult point of water pollution control. At present,the projects of“rural water system improvement”and“villages with enchanting water”provide conditions for the ecological purification of the returned water in the Yellow River Irrigation Area. In this paper,the habitat characteristics,nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity and environmental adaptability of three dominant submerged macrophytes in the Yellow River Basin are analyzed and compared,which provideds a scientific basis for the construction of distributed submerged macrophyte wetland system based on the interception during transportation and in-situ treatment of agricultural non-point pollution in the Yellow River Irrigation Area.