Abstract: Improving the green efficiency of agricultural water use under environmental constraints is important for alleviating the contradiction between water supply and demand and achieving high-quality agricultural development. Based on the global reference non-expected output SBM model to measure the green efficiency of agricultural water use（GEAW） in China, the Dagum Gini coefficient was used to explore the source of regional differences, the Markov matrix was used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of GEAW, and its convergence was tested by regression models. The research results show that the GEAW in China and each region shows a fluctuating upward trend, with the highest efficiency level in the eastern region and the lowest in the western region; the contribution of inter-regional differences gradually rises to the main contribution; there is a “club convergence” and “Matthew effect” in the green efficiency of agricultural water use. There is a “club convergence” and “Matthew effect” in agricultural water use green efficiency, which is influenced by the efficiency of “neighbors” and their own efficiency levels. Except for the central region, there is convergence in GEAW in the whole country and other three regions, and except for the northeast region, there is absolute convergence and conditional convergence in GEAW in the whole country and other three regions. Accordingly, it is proposed to promote agricultural water conservation technology, increase inter-regional collaboration, and give play to the role of the market to improve the overall green efficiency of agricultural water use.