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水库蓄水对既有滑坡影响机制及环境影响评估

The Influencing Mechanism and Environmental Impact Assessment of Existing Landslide Affected by Reservoir Filling

  • 摘要: 依托某滑坡在库水作用下复活产生的工程问题,目的是弄清滑坡的变形复活机制和临界条件,为环境影响评估和综合处置提供依据。通过搜集滑坡区历史工作资料,进行了滑坡的过程识别;利用定性和定量分析,评估了蓄水前后滑坡稳定状态;利用多期次地面调查和安全监测,评估了水电站蓄水对滑坡周边环境的影响机制,结合现场情况提出了最优处置措施,所得主要结论如下:(1)罗家坪滑坡,初期认定为变形体;中期认定为滑坡,并圈定了其范围;最后,再次复核修正了滑坡范围和滑体厚度;(3)水电站蓄水前金沙江水位较低,滑坡前缘临空,滑坡整体稳定;2012年蓄水至354m,坡体前缘浸水,滑坡复活,既有建构筑物产生裂缝,坡体欠稳定;2013年蓄水至370 m,滑坡变形加剧,既有建构筑物裂缝扩大,坡体临界;继续蓄水至380 m,滑坡变形速率继续加剧,个别建筑物垮塌,坡体临界。可以认为370 m蓄水位为罗家坪滑坡的临界水位;(3)环境影响评估,蓄水前水绥二级路、移民工程均正常使用;蓄水至354 m,二级路、桥梁、民居出现裂缝,不影响使用;蓄水至370 m,变形急剧增加,既有建构筑物裂缝扩大,丧失部分功能,居民搬迁,桥梁封闭;蓄水至380 m,部分民居倒塌。环境影响间接证明了滑坡复活的几个阶段与水电站蓄水密切相关;(4)原位加固处置只能加固二级路以上的滑坡部分,对水下部分没有效果,治理效果有限,建议采取绕线方案。上述结论可以为库区临近工程提供类比依据。

     

    Abstract: Relying on the engineering problems caused by a landslide resurrection under the action of reservoir water,this paper aims at understanding the deformation and resurrection mechanism and critical conditions of the landslide,to provide a basis for environmental impact assessment and comprehensive disposal. By collecting the historical work data on the landslide area,the landslide identification is landslide.By using both a qualitative and quantitative analysis,this paper evaluates the landslide stability before and after water storage. By using multiple-phase ground surveys and safety monitoring,this paper evaluates the mechanism of the influence of hydropower water storage on the landslide surrounding environment based on the site situation. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The cognitive process of Luojiaping landslide are initially considered as a deformation,identified as a landslide at medium-term with its scope being determined. Finally,its scope and thickness are rechecked and corrected.(2) Early Jinsha River water level is low,the leading edge of landslide being drainage,its overall stability is stable. Water reached 354 m in 2012,front edge of the slope was immersed,landslide resurrection caused existing construction and structures produced cracks,whose stability was less stable. Water reached 370 m in 2013,increasing deformation of the landslide resulted in expanding the cracks in the existing buildings and structures,its stability being critical. Continue storage to 380m,the Landslide deformation rate continues to intensify,its stability was critical. So the water storage level of 370 m can be considered as the critical water level for Luojiaping Landslide.(3) Environmental impact assessment is Shuisui secondary road and migration works before water storage can normally be used. Secondary roads,bridges and dwellings do not affect their formal functions,deformation increases to 370 m,cracks of existing buildings and structures are expanded,their functions are damaged. Some dwellings collapses to water storage level of 380m. Environmental impact indirectly proves several stages of landslide resurrection,closely relating to the water storage of hydropower stations.(4) In-situ reinforcement disposal can only reinforce the landslide part above the secondary road,which has no effect on the underwater part. The above conclusions can provide an analogy basis for the adjacent projects in the reservoir area.

     

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