Abstract: Jiangxi is rich in water resources,but the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is uneven,and floods and droughts are frequent. Affected by the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources,the insufficient allocation of river water and the low and dry water level of Poyang Lake,the engineering water shortage problem in Jiangxi Province is becoming increasingly prominent. Through time and space distribution of water resources,water resources development and utilization in Jiangxi Province,the water resources allocation system,urban and rural water supply security ability,change of hydrology,protection and restoration of the ecological analysis of the provincial physical cause outstanding short board,water shortage problem oriented,this paper studies the construction of resolving water shortage problems physical project,promotes the global water ecological environment quality,project construction,promotes the economical and intensive utilization of water resources development countermeasures,and enhances the level of water use efficiency. Solving the engineering water shortage in Jiangxi Province provides certain guiding significance.