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黄河流域经济社会用水公平性评价研究

Research on the Evaluation of the Fairness of Economic and Social Water Use in the Yellow River Basin

  • 摘要: 用水公平性是流域水资源均衡配置需要重点考虑的关键因素之一。针对流域用水公平性评价对行业用水公平性考虑不足的问题,提出基于不同行业多因子基尼系数的流域经济社会用水公平性评价方法。利用行业用水量和产业规模之间的基尼系数来表示行业用水公平性,根据各行业用水量占比计算流域用水综合基尼系数来表示流域用水的公平性,以黄河流域为例量化分析了1980-2020年流域9省区不同行业和流域用水公平性变化,并选择调度前后的1995年和2005年为例,对比分析了黄河水量统一调度对流域用水公平性的影响。结果表明:40年来流域生活、工业、城镇公共和农业用水的公平性分别为“高度公平”“、相对公平”“、高度公平”转变为“相对公平”“、相对公平”转变为“高度公平”;农业用水占比超过70%,流域用水基尼系数主要受农业用水的影响,综合基尼系数为0.16~0.25,总体上处于下降态势,流域用水公平性逐步提高;生活和农业用水公平性逐渐提高,工业尤其是城镇公共用水公平性下降较为明显,主要是因为流域省区间生活和农业用水定额差异性降低而第三产业用水定额差异增加;黄河水量统一调度及管理有效控制了流域用水总量快速增长,促进了农业用水效率的提高和省区间用水定额差异的减小,农业用水和整个流域用水公平性得到提高。

     

    Abstract: The fairness of water use is one of the key factors to be considered in the balanced allocation of water resources. Aiming at the problem that the fairness of water use in the basin is not considered enough in the different industries, an evaluation method based on multi-factor Gini coefficient in different industries is proposed. The Gini coefficient between industry water consumption and industry scale is used to represent industry water fairness. The comprehensive Gini coefficient of water use in the basin is calculated based on the proportion of water consumption in each industry to represent the fairness of water use in the basin. Taking the Yellow River Basin as an example, this paper calculates the Gini coefficient and analyzes the variation of the fairness of water use of different industries in nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin from 1980 to 2020. Take 1995 and 2005 before and after the integrated water regulation of the Yellow River as examples, the impact of integrated water regulation on the fairness of water use in the basin was compared and analyzed. The results show that over the past 40 years, the fairness of water use in domestic, industry, urban public, and agriculture were “highly fair”, “relatively fair”, from “highly fair” to “relatively fair”, and from “relatively fair” to “highly fair”, respectively. The proportion of agricultural water use exceeds 70%, and the Gini coefficient of watershed water use is mainly affected by agricultural water use, the comprehensive Gini coefficient of economic and social water use in the basin is 0.16~0.25 from 1980 to 2020, which is in a downward trend, indicating that the fairness of economic and social water use in the basin has gradually improved, changing from “relatively fairness” to “highly fairness”. The fairness of water use for domestic and agriculture is gradually improved, and the fairness of public water use in industry, especially in urban areas, has decreased significantly. This is mainly because the differences in water use quotas for domestic and agriculture between 9 provinces in the basin have decreased, while the differences in water use quotas for the tertiary industry have increased. The integrated water regulation of the Yellow River has effectively controlled the total water use in the basin, promoted the improvement of agricultural water use efficiency and the reduction of water quota differences between provinces, and improved the fairness of agricultural water use and water use in the entire basin.

     

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