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暴雨后不同滞蓄水深对虾稻田中水稻拔节期生长及产量的影响

Effects of Different Detention Water Depths on Rice Growth and Yield in Shrimp Rice Fields after a Heavy Rain

  • 摘要: 为获取暴雨后虾稻田中稻田单元的田间水管理模式,发挥虾稻田对涝水的滞蓄作用,在湖北四湖流域丫角排灌站开展了水稻淹水试验。试验在淹水池中进行,采用盆栽模拟水稻淹水情景,共设置了浅水短淹T1、浅水间歇淹T2、浅水长淹T3、深水短淹T4、深水间歇淹T5、深水长淹T6和常规灌溉CK 7个处理。结果表明,水稻拔节期受淹会促进水稻各节间长和株高生长,相同淹水历时下,高淹水深度下促进作用比低淹水深度更明显;淹水深度为40 cm时,短淹、间歇淹和长淹的水稻株高较常规灌溉分别增加2.9%、3.6%和5.4%。除浅水短淹处理(T1)产量略有增加外,其他淹水处理均会导致水稻产量下降,相同淹水历时下,高淹水深度比低淹水深度产量减少更严重;淹水深度为40 cm时,短淹、间歇淹和长淹处理的水稻产量分别较常规灌溉减少4.3%、6.2%和13.1%;同种淹水深度下,间歇淹水和短淹对水稻产量的影响相差不大。产量构成方面,淹水处理主要减少每穗粒数和结实率,淹水深度为40 cm时,每穗粒数和结实率显著减少。为兼顾种稻和养虾,虾稻田水稻拔节期受涝时田间应保持15~25 cm水深或使稻田间歇淹水,避免长时间连续淹水。

     

    Abstract: In order to obtain the field water management model of the rice field unit in the shrimp rice field after heavy rains,and to play the role of the shrimp rice field on the waterlogged water retention,a rice flooding experiment is carried out at the Yajiao Irrigation and Drainage Station in the Four Lakes Basin in Hubei. The experiment is carried out in a flooded pond. potted plants are used to simulate the flooding scenario of rice. A total of 7 treatments are set:shallow water short flooding(T1),shallow water intermittent flooding(T2),shallow water long flooding(T3),deep water short flooding(T4),deep water intermittent flooding(T5),deep water long flooding(T6)and conventional irrigation(CK). The results show that the flooding of rice jointing stage will promote the growth of the internode length and plant height of rice.Under the same flooding duration,the promotion effect is more obvious at high flooding depth than at low flooding depth;when the flooding depth is 40 cm,the plant heights of shorter flooded,intermittently flooded and long flooded rice increases by 2.9%,3.6% and 5.4% respectively compared with conventional irrigation. With the exception of shallow water short flooding treatment(T1),which slightly increases the yield,other flooding treatments would cause a decrease in rice yield. Under the same flooding duration,the yield of high flooding depth is less than that of low flooding depth when the flooding depth is 40 cm,the rice yields of short,intermittent and long flooding treatments are reduced by 4.3%,6.2%,and 13.1%,respectively compared with conventional irrigation. At the same flooding depth,the effects of intermittent flooding and short flooding on rice yield are similar. In terms of yield composition,the flooding treatment mainly reduces the number of grains per panicle and the seed setting rate. When the flooding depth is 40 cm,the number of grains per panicle and the seed setting rate are significantly reduced. In order to take into account both rice planting and shrimp farming,the water depth of 15~25 cm should be maintained when the rice of the shrimp rice field is flooding at the jointing stage or the paddy field should be flooded intermittently,and continuous flooding for a long time must be avoided.

     

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