Abstract: Water resource problems constrain the sustainable development of water-scarce cities. In recent years, Zhengzhou City has experienced rapid social and economic development, and the contradiction between its limited water resources and the rapid growth of water demand has become more and more prominent. In order to scientifically study the long-term development of Zhengzhou city’s water resources carrying capacity, according to the current economic and social status of Zhengzhou city’s water resources supply and demand and development, the system dynamics method（System Dynamics, abbreviated as SD） of multi-system synthesis is used to construct a SD model for the study of Zhengzhou city’s water resources carrying capacity by combining four subsystems: water resources, ecology, economic and social society, and water conservancy engineering. Comparing the historical data from 2010-2019 with the simulation data of the SD method, the average errors are all less than 10%, which has high credibility and can be used to predict the future development of water resources carrying capacity in Zhengzhou city. On this basis, the dynamic simulation of water resources carrying capacity coefficients in 2020-2030 is conducted by setting four different scenarios: continuation of the status quo, pollution control and flow saving, open-source pollution control and open-source flow saving. The results show that: the water resources carrying capacity coefficients under the four scenarios in 2030 are 1.24, 1.18, 1.00, and 0.89, respectively; the water resources carrying capacity of Zhengzhou under the continuation of the status quo and the pollution control and flow saving scenarios is seriously overloaded over time, and cannot support the rapid economic and social development of Zhengzhou; the water resources carrying capacity overload of the open-source and pollution control scenarios will have a greater resistance to economic and social development; therefore, the open-source flow saving program is the best program. The water resources carrying capacity coefficient is less than 1, and there is no overloaded state in the study period, which can be beneficial to alleviate the water shortage situation in Zhengzhou City, and promote the economic and social development. Combining the advantages of the four options, we put forward suggestions and countermeasures in favor of the sustainable development of water resources in Zhengzhou City.