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串联水库群弱耦合条件下实时防洪调度方法研究

Method of Real-time Flood Control Operation of Cascade Reservoirs under Weak Coupling Conditions

  • 摘要: 水库群防洪联合调度是提高流域防洪安全的重要技术措施,但串联水库群常由于洪水传播时间导致上下级水库在调度期内水量不平衡问题,研究串联水库群水流时滞并提出有效的应对方法,对防洪调度具有重要的现实意义。针对梯级水库群水流滞时的影响,提出了“弱耦合”条件下基于信息价值最大化的梯级水库群实时防洪联合调度方法,建立了超额水量由下而上的逐级消纳机制,在此基础上,采用基于防洪控制断面最大洪峰流量最小化的最大削峰准则,构建了反向补偿调度模型,发挥梯级水库群水文与水力补偿作用。以江西省北潦北河流域三库串联水库群为例开展实例研究,多情景模拟调度结果表明:结合该地区的水利工程以及洪水特点,在中小洪水时可适当发挥各水库的调蓄作用,掌握防洪主动性;在大洪水时,应预先泄流、降低库水位,保证水库群拥有足够的防洪库容,充分发挥流域水库群的防洪效益,最大程度减轻下游防洪压力。场次洪水经上述调度后,罗湾水库平均水库削峰率为20.63%,滞洪量49.6万m3;洪屏水库平均水库削峰率为30.09%,滞洪量1 395万m3;小湾水库平均水库削峰率为33.02%,滞洪量597万m3。防洪断面流量峰值比天然来水的流量峰值平均减少了48.83%,并且相较于该区域的原有调度规则,水库群联合调度的削峰作用更显著。

     

    Abstract: Joint flood control operation of reservoirs is an important technical measure to improve flood control safety of the river basin. During the flood control operation, water imbalance is usually caused by the flow travel time in the upper and lower reservoirs in a cascade reservoir system. It is of great significance to study the flow delay in that system and propose an effective measure for flood control operation. This study proposes a real-time flood control joint operation method to address the influence of water flow delays, applying information value maximization for cascade reservoirs under the condition of “weak coupling.” The excess water consumption mechanism is established from the lowest reservoir to the uppermost one. Based on this mechanism, a compensation operation model is established based on the maximum peak shaving principle, which minimizes peak flow on flood control cross-section, utilizing the hydrological and hydraulic compensation function in cascade reservoirs. This paper takes the northern tributary of the Beiliao River Basin of Jiangxi Province with three cascade reservoirs as a case study, whose results of the multi-scenario simulation show the following message. Considering the hydraulic engineering and flood characteristics of the area, during small and medium floods, the regulation function of each reservoir can be appropriately exploited to grasp the initiative of flood control. During large flood events, the flow should be pre-discharged to a lower water level to ensure that the reservoir group has sufficient flood control capacity. It can fully use the reservoir group’s flood control function in the basin and relieve downstream flood pressure to the greatest extent. After the operation mentioned above, the average ratio of cutting down flood peak of Luowan Reservoir is 20.63%, with a detention volume of 496 thousand cubic meters. The average ratio of cutting down flood peak of Hongping Reservoir is 30.09%, with a detention volume of 13.95 million cubic meters. The average ratio of cutting down flood peak of Xiaowan reservoir is 33.02%, with a detention volume of 5.97 million cubic meters. Peak flow at the flood control cross-section decreases by 48.83% on average compared to the peak flow of natural inflow. The peak reduction effect of the joint flood control operation of reservoirs is more significant than the original scheduling rules in the area.

     

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