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目标生态需求下的梯级水库生态衔接水位指标构建及运用方式初探

Preliminary Research on the Construction and Application of Ecological Connected Water Level Index of Cascade Reservoirs under the Target Ecological Demand

  • 摘要: 以金沙江中游梯级水库为研究对象,利用许多水生生物对流量和水位均有较高要求这一特征,提出一种在水库坝下生态控制断面处设置生态衔接水位,利用相邻水库的部分衔接关系,形成生态衔接水位与生态流量联动响应机制,以满足目标生态需求的方法。该方法以生态控制断面的水位满足生态衔接水位为目标,通过上下游梯级水库联合调控,可实现生态流量的控制从固定值转变为动态调整。根据金沙江鱼类产卵特性及对水生生境的特定需求,选取金中河段分布于各梯级库尾的鱼类作为目标鱼类,以其生存繁殖所需的水深、流速、水温为目标生态需求。根据目标鱼类产卵期所需水深条件,构建尾水河段的适宜淹没水深和坝下生态衔接水位指标。以鱼类可产卵河段长度最大、适宜区间距坝下最近两种典型情形为例,分别计算了满足适宜淹没水深的河段长度、起点终点。此外,结合目标鱼类产卵的流速和水温需求,进行生态调度模拟,确定了最适宜开展生态调度的时机为6月下旬,在该时段开展生态调度可更好地发挥梯级水库群的生态效益,最后论证了在相邻梯级间不同位置处灵活运用该方法的可行性。

     

    Abstract: By taking cascade reservoirs on the middle Jinsha River as the research object and taking advantage of the fact that many aquatic organisms have high demands on flow and water level, this paper puts forward a method to meet the target ecological demands. A ecological connected water level is set at the ecological control section below the dam. A linkage response mechanism between ecological connected water level and ecological flow is formed by using the partially connected relationship between two adjacent reservoirs. The objective of this method is that the water level of the ecological control section meets the ecological connected water level. Through the joint regulation of adjacent cascades reservoirs, the control of ecological flow can be changed from a fixed value to a dynamic adjustment. Based on the Jinsha River fish spawning characteristics and demand for aquatic habitat, In this paper, main fish distributed in the tail of each reservoir are selected as target fish. The water depth, velocity and water temperature required for their survival and reproduction are the target ecological requirements. According to the water depth conditions required by the target fish during spawning period, a suitable inundation depth index and a ecological connected water level index are constructed at the tail stream reaches. Taking the two typical cases of the maximum length of the fish spawning reach and the nearest distance between suitable areas under the dam, the river length, starting and the ending points satisfying the suitable inundation depth are calculated. In addition, combined with the spawning velocity and water temperature requirements, ecological scheduling simulation is carried out, and the most suitable time for ecological scheduling is determined as late June, which can better play the ecological benefits of the cascade reservoirs. At last, the feasibility of flexible application of the method in different positions between adjacent cascades is demonstrated.

     

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