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基于双分支图卷积融合网络的水库区域地表覆盖遥感分类

Remote Sensing Classification of Land Cover in Reservoir Area Based on Dual Graph Convolutional Fusion Network

  • 摘要: 准确的水库区域地表覆盖遥感分类,为水库生态环境保护、水库优化调度及水土保持等方面提供重要的基础数据。近年来,深度学习广泛应用于地表覆盖分类中,目前基于卷积神经网络的地表覆盖分类方法,通常是使用规则卷积核进行的局部空间运算,难以捕获像元间的长距离依赖关系。因此提出一种双分支图卷积融合网络(Dual Graph Convolutional Fusion Network,Dual-GCFN)进行地表覆盖遥感分类,网络分为两部分,其中上分支利用K近邻算法构建像元间的拓扑关系图,然后用图神经网络(Graph Neural Network,GNN)聚合邻域特征更新目标节点信息,实现光谱特征的聚合;下分支利用稠密网络(Dense Convolutional Network,DenseNet)对影像局部块进行卷积,提取遥感影像的空间信息和高阶语义信息;最后通过维度通道Add操作将光谱特征和空间特征将进行有效融合,经过全连接层后使用Softmax分类器实现地表覆盖分类。以河南省出山店水库区域为研究对象,使用研究区的Sentinel-2遥感影像数据和DEM数据进行实验,结果表明:提出的Dual-GCFN分类总体精度和Kappa系数分别为90.63%和0.87,与经典分类方法随机森林分类(Random Forest,RF)、单一的GNN或者DenseNet的分类结果相比总体精度分别提高了15.97%、10.86%、4.64%,Kappa系数分别提高了0.26、0.24、0.08,且在分类结果中大幅减少了地物的错分现象和分类图中的点状噪声。

     

    Abstract: The accurate remote sensing classification of surface coverage in reservoir areas provides important basic data for reservoir ecological environmental protection, reservoir optimization and dispatching, and soil and water conservation. In recent years, deep learning has been widely used in surface coverage classification. The current surface coverage classification method based on convolutional neural networks is usually a local spatial operation using regular convolutional kernels, which cannot easily capture long-distance dependencies between cells. Therefore, this paper proposes a dual Graph Convolutional Fusion Network(Dual-GCFN) for remote sensing classification of surface coverage. The network is divided into two parts. The upper branch uses the K-neighbor algorithm to construct a topological diagram between cells, and then uses the Graph Neural Network(GNN) to aggregate neighborhood features to update the target node information to achieve the aggregation of spectral features; the lower branch uses a dense Convolutional Network(DenseNet) to convolve local blocks of images to extract spatial information and high-order semantic information of remote sensing images. Finally, the spectral characteristics and spatial characteristics will be effectively fused through the dimensional channel Add operation, and after the fully connected layer, the Softmax classifier is used to realize the surface coverage classification. The Chushandian Reservoir area in Henan Province is the research object, and it uses Sentinel-2 remote sensing image data and DEM data in the research area to conduct experiments. The results show that the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the Dual-GCFN classification proposed in this paper are 90.63% and 0.87, respectively. Compared with the classical classification method Random Forest classification(RF), single GNN or DenseNet classification results, the overall accuracy increases by 15.97 percentage points, 10.86 percentage points, and 4.65 percentage points, respectively, the Kappa coefficient increases by 0.26, 0.24, and 0.08, respectively, and the misclassification of ground objects and the point noise in the classification map are greatly reduced in the classification map.

     

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