Abstract: As the impact of human activities on water resources and the ecological environment continues to intensify,the interactions among water resources,economic and social and ecological systems are becoming increasingly prominent,the understanding of which calls for a holistic and dynamic coevolutionary perspective. This paper is an attempt to conceptualize the water-society-environment coupling model,and construct the system dynamics model from the perspective of socio-hydrology. The coevolution of the water-society-environment coupling system in the upstream of Hanjiang River from 2006 to 2050 is simulated,and the driving mechanism of its internal components is analyzed by the figure of“Causes Tree”and“Uses Tree”.