Abstract: In order to further study the water quality distribution characteristics and pollution status of the main and tributaries of the Xining section of the Huangshui River Basin,from January 2018 to December 2019,24 water quality parameters of 10 rivers including the Huangshui Mainstream and its tributaries are investigated month by month. The distribution characteristics of water quality in Xining section of Huangshui River Basin are analyzed based on the historical monitoring data in recent decades. The single factor evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on principal component analysis are used to comprehensively evaluate the water pollution in Xining section of Huangshui River Basin. The results show that from 2010-2019 the water quality of Xining section of Huangshui River Basin showed a significant improvement trend on the whole,and Section of water quality that meets or exceeds class Ⅲ standards increased from40% to 80%. The seasonal distribution of water quality was obviously affected by runoff. By means of principal component analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,the results showed that pollution degree of Huangshui Basin was Ganhegou＞ Huangshui＞ Nanchuan＞ Beichuan＞Shatangchuan＞ Xiaonanchuan＞ Yunguchuan＞ Yaoshui River＞ Xinachuan＞ Lala River. Water pollution was highly compatible with the degree of urbanization development. The results can better provide technical support for Xining urban river governance and ecological restoration.