Research on the Hierarchical Water Demand of Urban Residents in Hebei Province

With the development of urbanization and the improvement of residents’ living standards, water-saving in urban residents’ life has become the focus of water-saving work. The domestic water use of urban residents is subdivided into seven parts: drinking water, cooking water, washing water, environmental cleaning water, laundry water, bathing water and toilet flushing water. Based on the theory of rigid, elastic and extravagant water use hierarchy, this paper constructs a hierarchical water demand evaluation model for residents, and carries out parameter calibration through questionnaires, calculates the hierarchical water consumption of each water consumption behavior, and analyzes the water consumption of urban residents at three levels horizontally and vertically. The research results show that:（1） Laundry and bathing water accounted for 54% of the total water consumption in 2016 and 60% in 2020, both exceeding 50%, and laundry and bathing water was the main component of flexible water and luxury water.（2） In 2016, the per capita rigid, flexible, and luxury water consumption accounted for 51%, 33%, and 16% of the total per capita water consumption, respectively; in 2020, the per capita rigid, flexible, and luxury water consumption accounted for 48% of the total water consumption, 33% and 19%respectively. The proportion of rigid water consumption per capita will decrease, the proportion of flexible water consumption per capita will remain unchanged, and the proportion of luxury water consumption per capita will increase.（3） The per capita rigid water consumption in economically developed areas（Shijiazhuang City and Baoding City） in Hebei Province is smaller than that in less developed areas（Zhangjiakou City and Chengde City）, and the per capita flexible and extravagant water consumption is more than that in economically underdeveloped areas. It can be seen that the more economically developed areas are the less rigid water consumption per capita, the more flexible and luxury water consumption. The research results are of great significance to the management and prediction of urban domestic water use.