Abstract: As one of the key cooperation areas between China and Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan’s agriculture had rich farmland resources and great potential for development. However, due to the severe obsolescence of agricultural machinery and the backward domestic machinery production capacity, the development of agricultural mechanization and modernization was slow in Kazakhstan. Supported by the Kazakh national government, China-Kazakhstan agricultural machinery technology and product trade would be increased. To predict the demand and market potential for major agricultural machinery in Kazakhstan, this paper used the agricultural machinery equipment level of the Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps as a reference area. The result showed that Kazakhstan had a large demand for agricultural machinery. The predicted market potential for tractors, drainage and irrigation machinery, plant protection machinery and harvester and planter were at least 575 000, 27 000, 64 000, 82 000 and 147 000. Moreover, it was in a long time that Kazakhstan could reach the predicted number of agricultural machinery. Due to the weak agricultural economic foundation, it would be used as a reference for its future agricultural mechanization and modern agricultural development.