Abstract: In view of the current low utilization rate of cotton stalk resources in China, cotton stalk recycling machinery urgently needs in-depth development and other issues. This paper designed a mobile mechanical parameter performance measurement device for cotton stalk extraction. Taking the pull-out resistance F as the response index, the three-factor three-level test was designed using Design Expert software based on the response surface analysis method. The test selected pull-out angle, machine speed, and soil moisture content as the influencing factors to establish a three-dimensional model of the response surface. It is concluded that the p-value of cotton stalk lifting angle, soil moisture content, and advancing speed are 0.001 6, 0.006 4, and 0.002 3, respectively, which are less than 0.05. The effect of each test factor on the pulling force of cotton stalks is in descending order of pulling angle, advancing speed, soil moisture content. The field test results show that the best lifting conditions of the cotton stalk force measuring device: the forward speed 1.0 m/s, the soil moisture content is 17.86%, the cotton stalk lifting angle is 30.03°, the average pulling force is 343.764 N, the error is less than 5%. The device provides a basis and experimental reference for the research of cotton straw harvesting machinery.