Abstract: In order to solve the problems of the automation degree shortage of China’s seedling transplanter and the inapplicability of foreign automatic machines to domestic planting models, meet the needs of transplanting Solanaceous vegetables pot seedlings in Xinjiang, an automatic transplanting machine for Solanaceous vegetables pot seedlings was designed. The overall structure and working principle of the transplanter were clarified. A seedling picking and placing mechanism based on guide rails and driving rollers to realize the rotation and revolution of picking and placing claws and a cam-valve seedling separating mechanism were designed. The automatic control system was researched to realize the functions of automatic transplanting machine to automatically pick and place seedlings, transplant seedlings, divide seedlings, and transplant. It was trial-produced the physical prototype, and carried out the experiment with the missed rate, the missed rate, the qualified rate of planting, and the planting distance as the test indicators. The average missing rate of seedling taking was 0.69%, the average injury rate of seedling was 1.67%, the average missing rate of seedling distribution was 0.70%, and the average success rate of seedling planting was 97.50%, the qualified rate of the total plant spacing is 97.5%, and the planting efficiency was 150 plants/（min·row）. The research can provide that the performance of the whole transplanter can meet the requirements of industry standards, which verifies the rationality of the design.