Abstract: The resource utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste has become a crucial way to mitigate agricultural pollution. However, restricted by many factors, there is a dilemma that farmers’ willingness and behavior deviate from each other in the utilization of waste resources. In order to analyze the mechanism and influence factor of farmers’ disobedience between willingness and behavior, this paper uses the survey data of livestock and poultry farmers to analyze the status of livestock and poultry waste resource utilization. The results show that 38.5% of farmers have the "all talk and no deed" phenomenon. Then, the binary probit model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the deviation between the willingness and behavior of aquaculture waste recycling. The results show that the variables of motivation, opportunity, and ability are significant at the significance level of 5%, 10%, and 1%, respectively. Therefore, under the same other conditions, the enhancement of motivation, opportunity, and ability is conducive to transforming aquaculture waste resource utilization from "willingness without behavior" to "willingness with behavior". At the same time, motivation, opportunity, and ability interact with each other to convert livestock waste recycling willingness into behavior. Therefore, the government departments can take necessary measures to strengthen farmers’ motivation, opportunity, and ability and guide livestock and poultry farmers to change their willingness to utilize breeding wastes in practice.