Abstract: In the process of peeling buckwheat, productivity changes due to the variety and fullness of raw materials, which often leads to an insufficient or excessive supply of raw materials. For buckwheat of different varieties and fullness, their bulk density, angle of repose, sliding friction coefficient, internal friction coefficient, and other material characteristic parameters were measured respectively, and variance analysis was performed to determine the effect of variety and fullness on the material characteristics of buckwheat. The variety and fullness of buckwheat were fed into the buckwheat shelling unit to further study the influence of the flow rate and the rate of one-time shelling during the buckwheat shelling process This provided a theory for improving the buckwheat shelling processing efficiency and better improving the buckwheat shelling unit. The results showed that different varieties had a significant impact on the internal friction coefficient（P＜0.05）, a very significant impact on the angle of repose（P＜0.01）, no significant impact on other parameters and changes in flow, and no significant changes in the rate of one-time peeling. Also, the impact of different fullness of buckwheat material characteristics and flow changes were extremely significant（P＜0.01）, and the one-time peeling rate increased with the increase in fullness.