Abstract: Under the background of soybean revitalization, soybean has become the key crop of agricultural structure adjustment in Jilin Province. Based on the relevant data of soybean in Jilin Province from 1985 to 2019, this paper analyzed the supply response of soybean by establishing the Nerlove model. It was concluded that the short-term supply price elasticity of soybean in Jilin Province was 0.23, while the long-term supply price elasticity was 0.39, indicating that the supply of soybean was slow and inelastic to the price. The expected price adjustment coefficient was 0.72, and the adjustment time delay was 1.39, indicating that the lag time of soybean growers in the adjustment of planting area behavior was about one year. Through analysis of the influencing factors of soybean supply response in Jilin Province, it was found that soybean sown area, soybean market price, soybean and corn yield ratio per unit area, and soybean related policies all had significant influences on soybean sown area in the current period. Based on this, the influence factors of the mechanism were analyzed and put forward to deepen agricultural supply-side structural reform, improve the system of rice bean crop rotation and soybean producer subsidy policy, and price stability. Also, intensify the improvement of soybean and maize comparison relations, and enhance soybean yield to encourage farmers in Jilin Province soybean planting sector, thereby ensuring the supply of soybeans.