Abstract: This research adopts the PSM model and field research data to study the effect of farmland transfer on the utilization efficiency of labor resources. The resource utilization rate of the agricultural labor force and total labor force for transfer-in farmers was 2 930.879 yuan/person and 2 547.636 yuan/person higher than that of non-transfer farmers, respectively. However, the resource utilization rate of non-agricultural labor forces of transfer-in farmers was 6 701.481 yuan/person lower than that of non-transfer farmers; The resource utilization rate of the non-agricultural labor force and total labor force for transfer-out farmers was 2 982.759 yuan/person and 1 867.057 yuan/person higher than that of non-transfer farmers, respectively. However, the resource utilization rate of agricultural labor forces of transfer-out farmers was 1 431.492 yuan/person lower than that of non-transfer farmers. The transfer of agricultural land improved the utilization rate of agricultural labor resources and the total labor resource utilization efficiency of the households who had transferred agricultural land, but it reduced the utilization rate of non-agricultural labor resources. Similarly, the transfer of agricultural land improved the utilization efficiency of non-agricultural labor resources and the total labor resource utilization efficiency of the transferring households, but it reduced the utilization efficiency of agricultural labor resources.