Abstract: In order to explore the physical and mechanical properties of Cyperus esculentus under different moisture content conditions to reduce the mechanical damage caused by extrusion friction during harvesting, drying, and cleaning, this paper carried out the main physical and mechanical properties tests of Cyperus esculentus under five moisture content levels（20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%）. The test results showed that, with the increase of moisture content in the range of 20% to 40%, the average geometric particle size of Cyperus esculentus increased significantly. The rolling friction coefficient increased linearly. The maximum crushing force increased firstly and then decreased, reaching a maximum of 210.169 N when the moisture content was 30%. According to the test results, the relationship equations between compression characteristics, friction characteristics, repose angle, and moisture content of Cyperus esculentus were fitted, providing a technical basis for the design and optimization of equipment for sowing and harvesting, drying, and cleaning of Cyperus esculentus.