Abstract: The establishment of tractor pollutant emission inventory has important research value in analyzing, evaluating and formulating emission control measures for agricultural mechanization production. In this paper, based on the portable emission measurement system（PEMS）, the emissions of tractors under actual working conditions were tested, and the emission factors based on fuel consumption were measured. Combined with the estimation method of emission inventory of non-road mobile sources, the emission inventories of PM, HC, NO_X and CO from 66 counties and districts in Xinjiang from 2008 to 2019 were established, and its evolution trend is analyzed. Taking the emission inventory of 66 counties in 2019 as the clustering sample, the K-means clustering method was applied to divide 66 counties. The results showed that the total pollutant emission of 66 counties in Xinjiang from 2008 to 2019 increased from 2.72×10~4 t to 3.52×10~4 t, with an average annual growth rate of 2.37%, and the variation trend showed three trends: large increase, steady increase and fluctuation decrease. In terms of spatial dimension, 66 counties were divided into mild, moderate and severe emission control areas in 2019, and their pollutant emissions accounted for 39.99%、41.31% and 18.70% of the total, respectively. The average emission was 312.56 t、806.97 t and 2 192.22 t, respectively. The distribution pattern of light and heavy emission control areas is relatively dispersed, while the spatial distribution of moderate emission control areas is relatively concentrated. The different driving mechanisms of different emission regions can be summarized into different levels of economic and social development, the difference of natural environment, the incentive of agricultural production scale and the leading degree of agricultural mechanization. This study provides a reference for the estimation of tractor emission inventory in counties, the division of emission control areas of agricultural mechanization production and the formulation of differentiated pollutant emission control measures.