Abstract: In order to realize uniformity and stability of precise hole-setting fertilization for summer maize and improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, a mechanical electronic control system of precise hole-setting fertilization test based on new energy technology was designed. Based on the complexity of field working conditions and the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, the design target performance and overall structure scheme were proposed. The functions of vehicle driving control circuit, fertilizer frame lifting circuit, fertilizer unit translation circuit, hole setting circuit design and, corn plant detection and recognition circuit of the electronic control system were analyzed, and the software and hardware were designed. Finally, the stability of topdressing distance and hole setting depth was verified and the experiment was conducted. The test results showed that when the equal row spacing interval of maize was 600 mm, the probe extension length was 10 cm, driving speed was 4 km/h, and the qualified rates of topdressing distance and hole setting depth were the highest, which met the technical requirements of topdressing distance of 100-150 mm and hole setting depth of 80-100 mm in medium tillage.