Abstract: In order to fundamentally solve the problems of severe pollution of residual film, the high cost of the recovery of the residual film, and the high impurity ratio of mechanically harvested raw cotton in southern Xinjiang. In this study, a wide and narrow double film cultivation mode T（125 cm and 60 cm in width of upper and lower film） was invented on the basis of the conventional machine picked cotton field with four rows of one film and the spacing between rows of plants is（66 + 10） cm. Taking the early and medium mature upland cotton Xinluzhong 45 in southern Xinjiang as the experimental material and the conventional double film cultivation mode popularized in production as the control（CK）,we studied the differences of residual film recovery rate, recovery cost, fiber quality, and yield characters in the cotton field under the two cultivation modes（T and CK）. Through comparing the wide and narrow double film cultivation mode with the conventional double film cultivation mode（CK）, the results showed that（i） the recovery rate of the residual film in the cotton field was increased by 15%, and the cost of the membrane was reduced by 27%—30%.（ii） The boll weight, boll number per plant, and seed index of Xinluzhong 45 were all decreased, but the difference was not significant（P＞ 0.05）. The yield of seed cotton and lint increased, but there was no significant difference（P＞ 0.05）.（iii） The fiber length, uniformity index, and elongation rate of Xinluzhong 45 were all decreased, but the difference was not significant（P＞ 0.05）. The above research results showed that the wide and narrow double film cultivation mode could effectively realize the complete recovery of the residual film in the current year and don’t cause significant decrease in fiber quality and yield traits. These results play an important role in solving the problems of the difficult recovery of residual film of machine-picked cotton in southern Xinjiang, high cost, low efficiency, and poor quality of raw cotton, and it has important practical significance for the green and sustainable development of machine picked cotton.