Abstract: Multi-dimensional poverty of peasant households is a critical issue facing millions of people worldwide and the needs for remedies to mitigate this crisis are constantly being sought. This research aimed to investigate the influence of choice of livelihood on reduction of multi-dimensional poverty. Based on survey data of 305 peasant households obtained from Emin County of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in 2019, this study analyzed the influence of different livelihood strategy choice of farmers multi-dimensional poverty. First, based on the theory of practical ability, A-F method was used to measure the multi-dimensional poverty index to identify the farmers out of poverty multi-dimensional poverty. Second, tend to score matching method is used to analysis. Finally, based on the framework of livelihood sustainability, Probit regression model was adopted to explore the impact of livelihood capital owned by farmers who chose different livelihood strategies on the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers. The empirical results showed that the choice of non-agricultural resource-based livelihoods strategy could alleviate the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers. The average treatment effect was-18.07%. Farmers and the livelihood of human capital to choose three different strategies of multi-dimensional poverty have significant impact on farmers, financial capital is beneficial to alleviate the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers from agricultural and non-agricultural farmers, physical capital is bad for farmers of multi-dimensional poverty relief development.