Abstract: The aquaponic planting and breeding technology is a new type of composite breeding technology with multidisciplinary integration. It combines aquaculture and crop cultivation organically to realize the recycling of farming and production, and can effectively improve the negative impact of the traditional aquaculture mode on the discharge of large quantities of aquaculture tail water, environmental pollution and resource waste. In recent years, the aquaponic planting and breeding technology has developed rapidly. Taking the research progress of this technology as the main line, this paper summarizes the technical key points of aquaponic and the key factors affecting the balance of aquaponic. Through the objective analysis of the current stage of the development of aquaponic planting and breeding technology, there are existing problems such as insufficient research on the conversion of nitrogen and phosphorus by bacteria and algae, limited aquatic products and plant species, unclear economic feasibility, insufficient application of artificial intelligence technology, lack of professional personnel and government support. In view of the existing problems, this paper puts forward to promote the aquaponic and raising suggestions for the sustainable development of technology, such as the need to strengthen the use of all kinds of microorganisms and the study of transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency, and realize in species diversity and accelerate the artificial intelligence technology combined with an aquaponic planting and breeding technology, and for the government to raise awareness, pay more attention to the training of professional talents, etc.