Abstract: In order to solve the problem of imprecise layering of fertilizer shovels during the fertilizer application operation of wheat root breakers, a fertilizer shovel precision row alignment system based on OpenCV was designed. With the Jetson Nano as the processor, the image information collected by the camera is processed by OpenCV, which can accurately find the center coordinate position between the wheat Long rows and thus obtain the relative position of the fertilizer shovel in each application layer. The obtained position information is passed to STM32 F103 C8 T6 for further processing, and the position of the layered fertilizer application shovel is then adjusted through the corresponding control system. In this paper, the coordinates of the pixel points obtained by the camera are compared and analyzed with the actual coordinates measured manually, and the results show that this recognition method has a good recognition effect with a correct rate of more than 90% for the coordinates of the center of wheat under the condition of sufficient light intensity in all cases. This identification method provides a reliable theoretical basis for the design of fertilizer treatment device of root cutter in the future.