Abstract: The loss in oil-seed rape machinery harvesting is very high in China, one main reason for it is that grain combine harvesters are widely used in the rapeseed harvesting. In this case, the loss is hard to precise control, header loss rate, threshing ＆ cleaning loss rate, breakage rate are all very high, gross loss rate is difficult to reach the industry standard requirements. It is urgent to scientifically and accurately evaluate the actual operation performances of special rapeseed combine harvesters, increase the promotion and application of special rapeseed harvesters. Therefore, China Agricultural Mechanization Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized comprehensive testing on working effects of three mainstream rapeseed combine harvesters, including operation performance and economic performance. The results show that the performance indexes of the three kinds of machines, such as impurity content, breakage rate and total loss rate, all meet the requirements of industry standards and meet the production needs, it is shown that the performance of the special combine harvester is more reliable than that of the concurrent harvester. The operating efficiency of the three machines is more than 100 times that of manual harvesting rape. The total operating cost including manual labor, depreciation of the machines and fuel oil is only 1/10 of manual labor. The economic effect is significant. Through analysis of the testing result, the paper puts forward some measures and recommendations, including, planting based on harvest and integrating planting and harvesting to promote rape harvesting by machine, vigorous developing efficient and low loss rape harvesting equipment, increasing the training and guidance of machine operators to reduce the loss of machine harvest.