Abstract: Pneumatic conveying technology is increasingly used in material handling devices for sowing, fertilizer application, and harvesting picking, as it can greatly simplify the structure of agricultural machinery, decrease costs, and enhance operational efficiency. Understanding the characteristics of pneumatic conveying technology and its application in agricultural machinery is of great significance to improve the operation efficiency of agricultural machinery and promote the research and development of advanced agricultural mechanization technology. Therefore, a large number of literatures have been investigated, analyzed and summarized in the characteristics of pneumatic conveying of agricultural materials and the application of pneumatic conveying technology in agricultural machinery. The fundamental structures, working principles, and characteristics of pneumatic sowing, fertilizer application, and harvest picking machinery and equipment are analyzed based on the varied characteristics of positive and negative pressure conveyance. The problems existing in the application and research of pneumatic conveying in the field of agriculture are pointed out, including the problems of easy blockage, low precision, high energy consumption and the lack of relevant basic research. In view of the above existing problems, some suggestions are put forward. These are improving the working reliability through structural optimization and monitoring system development, using intelligent fans with high efficiency to reduce energy consumption, and promoting the application of pneumatic conveying technology by strengthening basic research and using simulation research methods.