Abstract: The air flow rising drying room in the heat pump hot air drying system which has been developed at present had the problems of uneven drying and poor drying quality of agricultural products in different internal positions, which affected the subsequent storage of products. Based on this, combined with the standard turbulence model and porous medium model, this paper established the CFD model of the air flow rising heat pump drying room, verified the reliability of the model, discussed the air flow distribution state of the original drying room under no-load and full load respectively, and innovatively proposed nine combined optimization schemes of guide wind vanes with different angles and uniform air plates with different variable square apertures according to the internal structure of the drying room. Under the comparative analysis of various speed indexes and uniformity indexes, the optimal scheme was determined, and the full load optimization effect with the optimal scheme was analyzed. The result showed that the optimal combination of setting a 15° guide vane at the air inlet and using a B-type variable square aperture uniform air plate was the optimal solution. Under this scheme, the combination effect of 15° guide wind vane and class B uniform wind plate was the best, at full load, the average velocity of XZ at different positions within the material layer in the drying area increased from 0.087 m/s to 0.2 m/s, the average relative standard deviation decreased from 44.8% to 25.1%, and the average uniformity coefficient increased from 0.84 to 0.91; the average velocity of XY planes at different heights within the material layer of the drying area increased from 0.096 m/s to 0.23 m/s, the average relative standard deviation decreased from 30.1% to 24.32%, and the average uniformity coefficient increased from 0.88 to 0.94. This study can provide theoretical method and technical reference for the structural improvement of air flow rising heat pump drying room.