Abstract: Agricultural productive services can transform traditional agriculture, the research on the development situation of agricultural productive services can provide theoretical support for improving agricultural production in Xinjiang. Based on Xinjiang prefecture-level data from 2005 to 2020, kernel density estimation and Theil index were used to measure regional differences in agricultural productive services, heteroscedasticity and corresponding PCSE were controlled to estimate the influencing factors affecting the development of agricultural productive services. The results show that the kernel density curve of Xinjiang’s agricultural productive services industry has changed from “multi-peak” to “double-peak”, and the overall development level is on the rise. Regional differences are the main reason for overall differences. The development of agricultural productive services is mainly affected by economic development factors, sown area of crops, the factors of agriculture employees, transportation capacity, urbanization rate, government support factors, scientific and technological input factors. Therefore, all regions in Xinjiang should develop agricultural productive service industries according to local condition, make full use of their resource advantages to avoid unfavorable factor.