Abstract: The straw can be used as a new energy-saving and environment-friendly raw material after micro-grinding to achieve fine and high-value utilization. By reading literature on the topic, the research status of the utilization technology of straw powder and the research situation of the method, theory, and equipment of straw micro-grinding were summarized. This paper identified the existing problems and prospects for future development. Straw has diverse applications, including its use in composite materials, and the market demand continues to grow. According to the characteristics of straw, the most suitable grinding method is mechanical grinding, while many problems exist, such as high energy consumption and dust pollution. At present, most straw micro-grinding equipment draws inspiration from the micro-grinding technology and equipment of ore materials, which has poor adaptability to different raw materials and fails to meet the requirements of fine powder particle size and high productivity. Additionally, research on grinding theory mainly focuses on factors influencing the grinding effect, energy consumption, and yield, while limited research is done on the grinding mechanism based on the physical properties of straws. In the future, the application scenario of high-value straw powder should be expanded, the straw composite micro-crushing method more suitable for large-scale production should be explored, and the automation, specialization, simplification, and lightweight nature of straw micro-crushing equipment should be improved.