Abstract: With the rapid development of agricultural and rural modernization, talent revitalization is of great significance in promoting the development of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. Based on the high-quality farmer training courses conducted by Xinjiang Agricultural University in four prefectures of southern Xinjiang, this study uses human capital theory and uses entropy-weighted TOPSIS model to select indicators and measure the effectiveness of high-quality farmer training in the four prefectures from four aspects: reaction, learning, behavior, and outcomes. The study also uses the obstacle degree model to identify constraints affecting the effectiveness of high-quality farmer training in southern Xinjiang. The results showed that the cultivation effect scores of high-quality farmers in the four prefectures of southern Xinjiang were between 0.6 to 0.8, which were in a good stage. However, the obstacle degree model showed that the learning layer has the highest obstacle degree, with a negative impact value of 0.042 8, followed by the reaction layer with a negative impact value of 0.005 68. The behavior layer showed a small negative impact value of 0.005 4. Therefore, it is recommended that the government should improve the implementation mechanism, strengthen the publicity and guidance, and provide policy guarantees to weaken and reduce the blocking factors affecting the effectiveness of farmer training. These measures will effectively improve the effectiveness of high-quality farmer training in the four prefectures of southern Xinjiang.