Abstract: In view of the problems of large excavation resistance and easy soil blocking on the excavation shovel surface of the existing Radix Isatidis harvesting machines and tools, based on the study of tuber crop harvesting machines at home and abroad, and according to the agronomic requirements, biological characteristics and soil conditions at the time of harvesting, a special two-line Radix Isatidis harvesting machine with a working width of 130 cm and a maximum excavation depth of 40 cm is designed, which can complete the functions of excavation, screening and laying of Radix Isatidis in one entry. The working principle of the harvester is described. The momentum theorem, kinetic energy theorem and geometric relationship are used to design and calculate the excavation shovel, and the best penetration angle of the excavation shovel α、shovel face width b、shovel face length l and other parameters are obtained. The finite element analysis and optimization of the excavation shovel are carried out by using the Simulation plug-in in SolidWorks software. Finally, experimental verification is carried out. The best penetration angle α is 20°, the shovel width b is 1 328 mm, and the shovel length l is 245 mm. The finite element analysis shows that the failure risk can be effectively reduced by adding a beam behind the shovel and reducing the maximum displacement of the shovel from 1mm to 0.01 mm. The field test of the whole machine shows that the backwater rate of excavation shovel is low and there is no obvious deformation. When the operation speed is 1.6 km/h and the excavation depth is 40 cm, the average excavation rate is 97.6% and the damage rate is 2.4%.