Abstract: In order to solve the current problems of high damage, poor stability, and picking efficiency affected by maturity during the mechanized picking process of roxburghii, a picking mechanism adapted to the mountainous operating environment was designed. Based on the TRIZ theory, a functional component system analysis of the designed rake-type prickly pear picking mechanism was conducted to locate harmful functions and excessive functions. Focused on the three indicators of picking efficiency, operational stability and adaptability, the TRIZ theory standard solution was used to determine the invention principle. Then the cylindrical wave-shaped picking structure was designed by using the object field model to find a solution to the problem, ADAMS software was used for simulation to verify the feasibility of the design. Through the field test of the backpack-type pear picker with three monomer combinations, the results showed that the net harvesting rate of rhododendrons was 96.05%; the net harvesting rate was affected by the maturity of the rhododendron fruit. The impact was not significant, the breakage rate was 0.66%; the picking efficiency was 11.22 kg/min. This design effectively ensures the effectiveness and reliability of mechanized pear picking operations, and can provide an important reference for the research of new high-efficiency and low-damage harvesters.