Abstract: In order to explore the development level of agricultural mechanization in Jiangxi, dig the main factors affecting the development of agricultural mechanization in Jiangxi, and seek to optimize the development path of agricultural mechanization in Jiangxi. Taking 11 cities in Jiangxi Province as research units, the dynamic change rule of the agricultural mechanization supply efficiency of Jiangxi Province is studied by using DEA model and Malmquist index. The analysis results of DEA-BBC show that the comprehensive technical efficiency of agricultural mechanization in 11 cities of Jiangxi Province is on the rise, and the input-output efficiency is gradually improved, but the overall efficiency is not as effective as DEA, so there is still room for improvement. The analysis results of Malmquist index show that the TFP of agricultural mechanization in Jiangxi province presents the characteristics of periodic fluctuation and rise, and there are obvious regional disparities, and scale efficiency plays an important role in promoting the the process of agricultural mechanization, technological innovation and popularization are the key factors affecting the development of agricultural mechanization. Therefore, it is necessary not only to promote the development of agricultural mechanization from the angle of scale efficiency, but also to accelerate the popularization and application of new agricultural machinery and new technology from the angle of policy support, and to raise the level of agricultural mechanization technology from the angle of technological progress, so as to optimize and improve the supply efficiency of agricultural mechanization in Jiangxi Province.