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火烧对缙云山典型林分土壤水分物理特征的短期影响

Short-term effects of burning on the soil moisture physical characteristics of typical stands in Jinyun Mountain

    摘要
  • 摘要: 为探讨不同林分和土层深度下火烧强度对土壤水分物理特征的影响，在缙云山火灾发生后短期内，以马尾松林和竹林为研究对象，分别采集火烧样地和对照样地0~10和10~20 cm土层的土壤，采用环刀法测定土壤密度和土壤孔隙度，烘干法测定土壤持水量，土壤入渗情况采用定水头法测定。结果表明：火烧发生后短期内，马尾松林和竹林土壤密度增加，孔隙度和持水性能下降；土壤的初渗速率、稳渗速率、入渗总量及饱和导水率随火烧强度的加强和土层深度的增加均呈递减趋势。火烧强度对土壤水分物理特征的影响表现为重度火烧＞中度火烧＞轻度火烧。土壤总孔隙度在不同林分中的表现为竹林＞马尾松林，土壤密度和饱和持水量表现为马尾松林＞竹林。不同林分土壤入渗速率的大小表现为竹林＞马尾松林。研究结果可为火烧迹地生态系统的恢复、改造及管理提供一定的理论基础。

     

    Abstract:
    Background Forest fires lead to the change of soil properties, seriously damaging forest ecosystems and soil erosion resistance. In order to explore the short-term effects of fire intensity on soil water physical characteristics under different forest stands and soil depths, and to prevent soil erosion and restore forest vegetation in the later stage, it is of great significance to study the changes of soil water physical characteristics in the short term after fire.
    Methods In the short term after the fire occurred in Jinyun Mountain, soil samples from three kinds of burning (light, moderate, and severe) areas and 0-10 cmand 10-20 cm soil layers of Pinus massoniana forest and bamboo forest were collected, and soil bulk density and soil porosity were measured by cutting ring method, and soil moisture capacity was measured by oven drying method. Soil infiltration was measured by constant head method.
    Results 1) The bulk density of soil in P. massoniana and bamboo forests increased, while the porosity and water holding properties decreased in the short term after burning. 2)The initial infiltration rate, steady infiltration rate, total infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil decreased with the increase of fire intensity and soil depth. the effects of burning intensity on soil moisture physical characteristics were as follows: severe burning > moderate burning > light burning. The total porosity of soil water was higher in the bamboo forest than in the P. massoniana forest. Bulk density and saturated water capacity: P. massoniana forest> bamboo forest. The soil infiltration rate of different stands showed as follows: bamboo forest >P. massoniana forest.
    Conclusions Burning has significant effects on the physical characteristics of soil moisture in different stands, especially in severe burning. The study on the effects of burning on the physical characteristics of soil moisture may provide a theoretical basis for the restoration, reconstruction and management of the ecosystem in burned areas.

     

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