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风沙土整治区不同林地覆被对土壤特性的影响

Effects of different forest covers on soil properties in an aeolian sandy soil improvement area

  • 摘要: 为了了解风沙土整治区不同林地覆被下的土壤特性,为沙地整治后的林木选种提供决策依据,在砒砂岩整治风沙土的工程项目中,按整治后5、10和15 a的年限分别采集表层(0~20 cm)土样,测定其土壤密度、含水量、有机质和碳酸钙。结果表明,在风沙土整治区,不同林地下土壤密度和碳酸钙的大小为:天然荒草地>柠条>沙棘,其中,沙棘的土壤密度比柠条小3.10%,比荒草地小10.04%;沙棘的土壤碳酸钙质量分数比柠条小13.82%,比荒草地小37.66%。不同林地下土壤含水量和有机质质量分数大小为:沙棘>柠条>天然荒草地。其中,沙棘的土壤含水量比柠条大21.71%,比荒草地大96.68%;沙棘的土壤有机质质量分数比柠条大9.48%,比荒草地的大55.64%。随着整治后林木种植年限的增加,其土壤密度和有机质质量分数均增加,土壤含水量以整治后10 a的最大,而土壤碳酸钙质量分数随整治年限的增加而降低。综上,林木的种植对砒砂岩整治风沙土后的土壤结构状况有所改善,其中又以种植沙棘为宜。

     

    Abstract:
    Background Land desertification has always been a major ecological and environmental problem troubling local people's production and life in the wind-sand and grassy flat area in northern Shaanxi province. How to select trees scientifically after the reasonable mixing of local soft sandstone and aeolian sand soil into soil is still a scientific problem that needs to be further solved. To understand the soil characteristics under different forest cover in the aeolian sand soil remediation area provides the decision basis for tree planting optimization, and has important practical significance for the management and ecological environment restoration of Mu Us Sandy Land.
    Methods In this study, in the soft sandstone remediation project area of aeolian sand soil in Mengjiawan village, Yulin city, Shaanxi province, the forest soil of Caragana korshinskii and sea buckthorn of different years with the same topography, geomorphology and site conditions was selected as the research object, and the natural grassland was taken as the reference. Using the method of time generation and space, topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected in 5, 10 and 15 years from the forest lands of the first phase (2007), second phase (2012) and third phase (2017), respectively, to measure the soil density, water content, organic matter and calcium carbonate.
    Results In the aeolian sandy soil area, the soil bulk density and soil calcium carbonate size of different woodlands were as follows: natural barren grassland > C. korshinskii>Hippophae rhamnoides, among which, the soil bulk density of H. rhamnoides was 3.10% lower than that of C. korshinskii, and 10.04% lower than that of the natural barren grassland. The soil calcium carbonate content of the soil was 13.82% lower than that of C. korshinskii, and 37.66% lower than that of barren grassland. The soil moisture content and soil organic matter of different woodlands were as follows: H. rhamnoides > C. korshinskii > natural barren grassland, among which, the soil moisture content of H. rhamnoides was 21.71% higher than that of C. korshinskii, and 96.68% was relatively larger than that of barren grassland. The soil organic matter content of H. rhamnoides was relatively 9.48% were larger than C. korshinskii, and 55.64% were larger than barren grassland. With the increase of planting years after remediation, the soil bulk density and soil organic matter content of different woodlands increased, the soil moisture content was the largest in 10 years of remediation, while the soil calcium carbonate content decreased with the increase of remediation years.
    Conclusions To sum up, through the experimental results of soil characteristics of different forest lands, the problem of tree seed selection after land consolidation in the wind-sand and grass-flat area of northern Shaanxi was solved. The planting of trees has improved the soil structure after the use of feldspathic sandstone to remediate the aeolian sandy soil, among which the planting of H. rhamnoides is suitable.

     

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