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福州东湖湿地不同生境土壤碳氮磷及其生态化学计量比特征

Characteristics of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in different habitats of East Lake Wetland, Fuzhou

  • 摘要: 为了揭示湿地不同生境下土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其生态化学计量学特征,以福州市滨海地区东湖湿地裸滩、废弃养殖塘、芦苇湿地和防护林生境为研究对象,进行测定与分析。研究结果表明:1)土壤C和N质量分数基本表现为防护林>芦苇湿地>废弃养殖塘>裸滩(P<0.05),防护林土壤C和N质量分数最高,分别为13.99和1.47 g/kg。而土壤P质量分数基本表现为防护林>废弃养殖塘>裸滩>芦苇湿地(P<0.05),防护林的土壤P质量分数最高,为0.33 g/kg;2)不同生境土壤C与N之间回归拟合程度较高(R=0.98,P<0.05),但N与P、C与P的拟合程度相对较低;3)土壤C/N表现为芦苇湿地>防护林>废弃养殖塘>裸滩,C/P、N/P表现为芦苇湿地>防护林>裸滩>废弃养殖塘(P<0.05)。4)土壤环境因子对C、N和P及其计量比存在一定的影响,其中土壤C与密度(R=-0.45,P<0.05)呈显著负相关,土壤P与密度(R=0.64,P<0.01)和pH(R=0.67,P<0.01)呈极显著正相关与含水量(R=-0.73,P<0.01)呈极显著负相关;土壤C/N与密度(R=-0.45,P<0.05)和电导率(R=-0.52,P<0.05)显著负相关;土壤N/P与含水量(R=0.82,P<0.01)呈极显著正相关,与密度(R=-0.88,P<0.01)、pH(R=-0.66,P<0.01)呈极显著负相关。研究结果对明晰湿地不同生境土壤C、N和P及其生态化学计量比差异与调控因素具有重要意义,可为湿地生态系统的保护和恢复提供科学依据。

     

    Abstract:
    Background Human activities and reclamation lead to the degradation of Fuzhou East Lake Wetland. The stoichiometric ratios of soil C(carbon), N(nitrogen) and P(phosphorus) not only reflect the cycling process of C, N and P, but also is a predictor of C, N and P saturation limitation. Studying the characteristics of soil C, N, P and their stoichiometric ratios in different habitats is helpful to understanding the limitation of land nutrients and has guiding significance for the rational utilization, protection and restoration of wetland resources in this area.
    Methods This study selected the four wetland habitats of bare tidal flat, abandoned breeding pond, Phragmites australis wetland, and shelter forest, five replicates were collected from each habitat, and 0-15 cm of topsoil was collected to measure the contents of soil C, N, and P and their ecological stoichiometry characteristics, as well as the relationship between them and soil physicochemical factors was analyzed.
    Results 1) Contents of both soil C and N were basically in the order of shelter forest > P. australis wetland > abandoned breeding pond > bare tidal flat (P < 0.05) whereas soil C and N contents in the shelter forest were 13.99 and 1.47 g/kg. Yet soil P content was basically in the order of shelter forest > abandoned breeding pond > bare tidal flat > P. australis wetland (P < 0.05), while soil P content in the shelter forest was 0.33 g/kg. 2) The regression fitting degree between soil C and N in four wetland habitats was high (R=0.98, P < 0.05). 3) Soil C/N were basically in the order of the P. australis wetland > shelter forest > abandoned breeding pond > bare tidal flat, while C/P and N/P in the soils were significantly (P < 0.05) in the order of P. australis wetland > shelter forest > bare tidal flat > abandoned breeding pond. 4) Soil environmental factors had a certain effect on C, N, P, and their stoichiometric ratios, as there were various correlations between soil C and density (R=-0.45, P < 0.05), soil P and density (R=0.64, P < 0.01), soil P and pH (R=0.67, P < 0.01), soil P and water content (R=-0.73, P < 0.01), soil C/N and density (R=-0.45, P < 0.05), and electrical conductivity (R=-0.52, P < 0.05); soil N/P and water content (R=0.82, P < 0.01), soil N/P and with density (R=-0.88, P < 0.01), and soil N/P and pH (R=-0.66, P < 0.01).
    Conclusions Shelter forests regulated the changes of soil C, N, P and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in various wetland habitats, and contributed the most among the four wetland habitats. Our findings are of great significance in shelter forest for clarifying regulating variations of soil C, N, and P, as well as and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in various wetland habitats. This provides a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of key wetland ecosystems.

     

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