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三江源国家公园特许经营评估

Concession Evaluation of Three-River-Source National Park

  • 摘要: 我国自然保护地特许经营的国家标准处于空白,国家公园特许经营评估框架亟待构建,以引导特许经营规范且可持续发展。本研究借鉴自然保护地生态体验综合保护与发展项目(Integrated Conservation and Development Project,ICDP)成功经验,以利益相关者理论为指导,梳理特许经营评估指标,构建基于国家公园生态脆弱性程度的特许经营评估框架体系。在实地调研和深入访谈后,专家对三江源国家公园特许经营现状进行评估,得出:管理机构建立了较为健全的特许经营管理机制(管理机构视角),保障了特许经营是在高度符合生态保护原则下开展(生态视角)。特许经营活动不仅促进社区增收和保护兼容的生计能力提升,高度符合社区受益的原则(社区视角),还使访客获得了优质生态体验,凸显了国家公园自然教育功能(访客视角)。但也存在以下问题:1) 特许经营企业因缺乏可持续激励机制、定期的多方协商沟通机制和风险分担机制而受益有限(特许经营者视角);2) 因地理条件、产业基础等原因,特许经营对地方绿色产业发展和财政的贡献有限,特许经营本身并未使地方政府受益(地方政府视角);3) 由于语言沟通、生活习惯差异较大,牧户家庭接待设施有限,访客接待服务质量难以提升(访客视角)。最后,从管理机制完善角度提出三江源国家公园特许经营工作改进建议。

     

    Abstract: The national standard for nature reserve concession is currently lacking, and an urgent need exists for the development of an evaluation framework for national park concessions to guide standardized concession development. This study proposed constructing a concession evaluation framework system based on the degree of ecological vulnerability of national parks, guided by stakeholder theory and building upon the successful experience of Integrated Conservation and Development Programs (ICDPs) in nature reserves. Evaluation indicators were combed, and an assessment was made of the current concession situation of the Three-River-Source National Park. Results has shown the management organization established a relatively sound concession management mechanism, ensuring that concession activities conform to the principles of ecological protection, community benefit, and visitor satisfaction. However, several problems remained: 1. limited benefits for concession enterprises due to the lack of sustainable incentive mechanism, regular multi-party negotiation and communication mechanism and risk sharing mechanism (from the perspective of franchisor); 2. limited contribution to local green industry guidance and finance, and concession itself has not benefited local governments (from the perspective of local governments); 3. language and cultural barriers hindering visitor reception service quality Finally, this study provides suggestions for improving the concession work of Three-River-Source National Park from the perspectives of management mechanism improvement and community livelihood capacity construction.

     

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