Abstract: The concession of national parks is an effective measure to promote common prosperity and achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Taking the Angsai Nature Experience Concession Project in the Three-River-Source National Park as an example, this paper elucidated its operational mechanism and the realization mechanism for fostering common prosperity. An evolutionary game model involving local governments, poverty alleviation cooperatives and local residents in the concession project was constructed, and numerical simulations were conducted using MATLAB. The results showed that the The Angsai Nature Experience Concession Project advanced common prosperity among local residents by establishing and improving ecological safeguards, organizational guarantees, benefit-sharing mechanisms, and governance assurance systems. The strategic choices of local governments were not affected by project revenues or the strategic choices of poverty alleviation cooperatives and local residents. Under the influence of perceived gains and losses, the time when local governments chose passive support was advanced, whereas under a penalty mechanism, the time when local governments chose passive support was delayed. Both poverty alleviation cooperatives and local residents actively participated in the project operation. However, their strategy choices were mutually interdependent, with both parties exhibiting “free-riding” incentives. Under the effect of perceived gains and losses, the time for poverty alleviation cooperatives and local residents to choose the positive strategy was delayed, while under the penalty mechanism, it shifted earlier. Establishing a punishment mechanism is conducive to the operation and development of the Angsai Nature Experience Concession project.